Notation

Symbol Meaning
\(N\) Set of players, \(N = \{1, 2, \dots, n\}\)
\(A_i\) Action set of player \(i\)
\(A = \prod_i A_i\) Joint action space
\(a_{-i}\) Action profile of all players except \(i\)
\(u_i : A \to \mathbb{R}\) Payoff (utility) function of player \(i\)
\(\sigma_i \in \Delta(A_i)\) Mixed strategy of player \(i\)
$^* $ Nash equilibrium profile
\(v(S)\) Characteristic function of coalition \(S\) in cooperative games
\(\phi_i(v)\) Shapley value of player \(i\)
\(\pi\) Policy in reinforcement learning
\(Q(s,a)\) Action–value function
\(\gamma\) Discount factor
\(\mathbb{E}[\cdot]\) Expectation

Common abbreviations

Abbrev. Expansion
BR Best response
BNE Bayesian Nash equilibrium
CFR Counterfactual regret minimisation
ESS Evolutionarily stable strategy
MARL Multi-agent reinforcement learning
MDP Markov decision process
MSNE Mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium
NE Nash equilibrium
PD Prisoner’s dilemma
RL Reinforcement learning
SPE Subgame-perfect equilibrium
TU / NTU Transferable / non-transferable utility
VCG Vickrey–Clarke–Groves mechanism
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